Lymphedema: what it is and what if it stays untreated
Lymphedema, which is also spelled lymphoedema, is abnormal swelling of the tissues, due to the presence of excess protein-rich fluid known as lymph. This swelling occurs when the lymphatic system malfunctions or is damaged and lymphatic fluid cannot drain as quickly as it is produced. It affects an estimated 100 million men, women, and children around the world, including at least 3 million Americans. Lymphedema of the arm occurs often as a result of treatment for breast cancer. Breast cancer is only one of the many causes of lymphedema. It most commonly occurs in the extremities (arms or legs); however, it can also affect the trunk, breast, abdomen, neck, head, and or genitals.
The fluid that causes the swelling of lymphedema is protein-rich and this makes the tissues easily susceptible to infections. Each infection damages lymphatic structures and places the area more at risk for developing lymphedema. Once the lymphatic systems malfunctions or lymphatic structures are damaged and lymphedema has developed it can be treated but not cured. Early treatments can usually effectively control the swelling. Without treatment, the lymphedema symptoms become progressively more serious. Left untreated, lymphedema is much more serious than the inconvenience of a swollen limb. It is a progressive condition in which frequent infections cause serious pain and may require hospitalization. Skin changes, like benign papillomas may develop. Eventually, lymphedema can lead to the loss of mobility and total disability. In rare occasions malignant skin cancer develops, like lymph-angiosarcoma (Stewart-Treves-Syndrome.)
Alma Vinjé-Harrewijn PT CLT-LANA